Different nationalities have different types of flat drums.

Mongolian flat drum

The Mongolian flat drum, also known as Hengri, means drum, and the Han is called Mongolian drum. Popular in Inner Mongolia, the three northeastern provinces, Gansu and Qinghai provinces. With a long history, the Yuan Dynasty has prevailed in the court and the people. In the Yuan Dynasty mural "Feast of Music" unearthed in Yuanbao Mountain, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, there is an image of playing this drum. "The History of the Yuan Dynasty": "The drum is framed by wood, covered with leather, carved with red lacquer, painted with a restored dragon, and has two long poles. There is a large wooden frame and a high seat for striking Laos."

Tibetan flat drum

Tibetan flat drums, the larger ones are called Eah, and the smaller ones are called Eqong and Dangmuqiong. Popular in Tibet, Qinghai and other Tibetan areas. The drum frame is made of wood, and the two ends are covered with yak leather. The edges of the leather are fixed with iron nails. The original color or lacquer of the leather surface is green. Large flat drum, mostly used in Buddhist monasteries. The diameter of the drum surface is usually more than 100 cm, and the drum height is about 40 cm. Dangka Monastery in Yushu, Qinghai has a larger forehead, with a drum surface diameter of 153 cm and a drum height of 45 cm. The drum surface is painted with green paint and the drum body is painted with brown-yellow paint. Most of them are hung in a huge square cabinet-shaped wooden frame, and the drum frame is beautifully carved and colorful. The drum is in the shape of a straight wooden stick, and the head of the drum is mostly covered with red cloth or sheepskin. It is also made of rattan or thin bamboo into a hook-shaped drum.

Korean and Manchu flat drums

The drums of the Korean and Manchu ethnic groups are called big drums by the Han people. It is popular in Liaoning and Jilin provinces, especially in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. The drum frame is made of wood, covered with cowhide or horse skin on both sides. The drum skin is fixed by drum nails or crossed with thin leather ropes. The diameter of the drum surface is 100 cm to 120 cm, and the height of the drum frame is 20 cm to 40 cm. It is decorated with painted ethnic patterns, and there is a drum ring around the drum frame. To play, hang the drum on a special framed drum stand. The height is 200 cm and the width is 160 cm. The upper beam is carved with double dragons, and the lower beam is painted with cloud patterns. The player stands in front of the drum and plays with a chisel in each hand. It is mostly used in Taoist temples and nunneries. In the 1980s, the drum set was used to accompany the new Manchu dance "Shengjing Jiangu" and the Korean dance "Monk Dance" and other ethnic songs and dances.

Naxi flat drum

The flat drum of the Naxi people, also known as the big drum. The big flat drum of the Yi people, also known as the sheepskin drum. Popular in Lunan Yi Autonomous County, Maitreya, Luxi and other places in Yunnan Province. The drum frame is made of walnut wood, covered with sheepskin on both sides, and fixed with drum nails around the leather edge. The diameter of the drum surface is 70 cm and the drum height is 20 cm. There is a drum ring on each side of the drum frame, which is tied with a red cloth drum belt. Finished in brown. The drum is made of wood, and one end is wrapped with a cloth strip as the head. When playing, the drum is slung on the shoulder or placed on the drum stand, and the sound is loud and deep. It is used for the celebration of national festivals such as the Torch Festival. It is a rhythm instrument in folk wind and percussion bands. Popular in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province. The drum frame is made of wood, covered with cowhide at both ends. The edges of the drum skin are fixed with double-row drum nails. The drum surface is 65 cm in diameter and the drum height is 35 cm. . When playing, the drum is placed on a wooden drum stand, and each hand is holding a chime to play.

Hmong flat drum

The Miao people's umduo is the general name of the big drum, which has both a long-chambered cylindrical shape and a short-chambered flat-shaped drum. The flat round shape is popular in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County in northern Guizhou and Longlin Autonomous County in Xixi. The drum frame is hollowed out of logs or assembled with wooden boards, the two ends are covered with cowhide, and the edges of the skin are fixed with bamboo nails. The size of the drum varies from place to place, the drum surface of the meltwater is 80 cm in diameter and the drum is 50 cm high. Longlin's drum surface is 42 cm in diameter and 20 cm high. There is a drum ring on each side of the drum, which is tied with a drum rope. When playing, hang the drum horizontally under the beam, and dance while hitting the drum with both hands. They often play in ensemble with bronze drums, gongs, cymbals and other musical instruments. The ensemble conductor is the ensemble conductor and can play at will. After the long introduction is played, the bronze drums and other musical instruments can be played. It is mostly used in Miao weddings and funerals.
Small flat drums are mostly used in Buddhism and folk dances. The diameter of the drum surface is about 30 cm and the height of the drum is about 12 cm. When monks go to residents' homes alone to chant sermons, they hang the drum with a belt in their left hand and hit a hook-shaped drum in their right hand. In the folk dance "Shannan Zhuo" near the Samye Monastery in the Shannan area of Tibet, the dancers use a belt to tie the drum vertically to the left hip, hold a long drum in the right hand and a short drum in the left while beating and dancing, often performing collectively. Emotions are warm and dancing is unrestrained. The small flat drum is not only an accompaniment instrument for dance, but also a dance prop.