Intangible Cultural Relics Ancient Voices from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
Three-eyed Tudongxiao was included in the fourth batch of intangible cultural heritage protection list of Yunnan Province in June 2017.
According to the Records of Local Counties in Wenshan, Sanyan Tudongxiao, or "three-hole pottery xun", is a musical instrument unique to the Yi people in Daxing Village, Zhuili Street, Wenshan County. It is called "Dilao" in Yi language. It belongs to the same category as the xun that was circulated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is an ancient wind instrument.
According to Zhang Chaobiao, an old artist of the Yi nationality, it is said that a boy of the Yi nationality dug a bit of damp soil at will when he was bored with cattle herding on the mountain to make an earthen flute. In ancient times, the Yi family would play the three-eyed earth hole flute after finishing their farm work. Since then, the Three-Eyed Tudongxiao has become the favorite musical instrument of the Yi family. Every year in the spring season, the Yi family's fieldside fields will sound the melodious sound of the earth hole flute.
The three-eyed earth hole flute is made of a pear-shaped adobe with a "thick waist, flat bottom, and pointed mouth" using local gray clay, brown red clay, or loess and water with good viscosity. Three sound holes are opened in the middle, and they are dried in the shade. The shape of the instrument is similar to the ancient musical instrument xun.
Xun is one of the important musical instruments in ancient my country. Xun has developed from one sound hole to three sound holes, five sound holes, six sound holes and even eight or nine sound holes, and has experienced a long time of more than 3,000 years. The scene of blowing xun for fun is not uncommon in ancient times.
As a sacrificial legacy of farming culture in ancient times, today's Xun is in danger of being lost and dying. The three-eyed earth cave flute continues the characteristics of the ancient xun, with a simple and mellow tone, a harmonious sound, and a soothing and peaceful content. Combined with the performance of local Yi folk music, it is unique and full of local characteristics. In the identity of "Tudongxiao", Xun has been completely inherited for more than 500 years in the Yijia cottage in Wenshan, and has become a "living fossil of music" that witnesses the vicissitudes of history and the stormy years.
In ancient times, when shoveling grass and burning ashes and repairing ridges before spring ploughing every year, people played the three-eyed earth hole flute, and it gradually rested after autumn, which means blessing the harvest. Nowadays, there are no taboos. During the Spring Festival and when holding happy events, the earth hole flute is played. In 2011, with the support of the Chaili Street government, Daxing Village established the "Old Sports Association Art Team". The art team often participates in various performances and performances, and the "Three-eyed Tudongxiao" has been well passed down.
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