Jinghu has been making progress spontaneously and continuously in terms of sound quality comparison. Some huqin sound quality is very good, while some huqin sound quality is very poor. To study this problem, we should start from the theory of Jinghu's main material, structure size and pronunciation. Based on acoustics and mechanics. In the past, the original luthier only had a Jinghu in the Rambu bag. In modern times, professional pianists and amateur pianists must have more than four Jinghus in the accompaniment process to meet their needs. This also shows that the artistic level of Peking Opera has been significantly improved. If we can create a Jinghu that can accompany both Xipi tunes and Erhuang tunes, as long as we work hard, it is completely achievable.

In the process of pronunciation of Jinghu, since ancient times, it is customary to use Wushao snake skin as the vibrating membrane. From the original Jinghu, to today's many high-end professional Jinghu. I don't know how many tactile experiences and summaries I have experienced. It is the result of today's structure, size and technical data in all aspects. If the material of the vibrating membrane is changed, its structure, size and technical data in all aspects should also be adjusted adaptively to be more perfect.

I admire professional luthiers, they are very skilled. Whether a piano is good or bad, you can tell it just by looking at it twice. However, most people may not be able to tell exactly the origin and reason of the sound of the piano, that is, the theoretical data created. If a luthier of this level studies the production of Jinghu, and tests the skins himself, he will surely be able to create excellent results. Well-known jinghu makers, in my opinion, are generally professional luthiers.

The black snake is a state-protected animal, and its skin is becoming more and more difficult to obtain. It is imperative in the world to find substitutes for the Mongolian production of Jinghu. Through the experiments of several alternative vibrating membranes, the experience and analysis are briefly as follows:

(A) The dimensional data of the Jinghu structure were selected based on the material properties of the vibrating membrane. Different diaphragms should have different requirements.

Analysis of the characteristics of the vibrating membrane

1. The thickness of the vibrating membrane.

The difference between the thickness of the vibrating film at the intersection of the scales should be uniform. The sound quality can be stable. Within the weight range, the thickness of the vibrating film, the thin ones have a clear and loud pronunciation; the thick ones are dull and solid. The difference in thickness within the body range can adapt to the needs of the tune and interval.

2. The degree of embrittlement of the vibrating membrane is the phenomenon of dryness and embrittlement. At the same time, it can also be processed by process technology to achieve the purpose.

When the degree of brittleness is high, its pronunciation is clear and loud; when the degree of brittleness is low, its pronunciation is dull and dull. When the degree of brittleness is too low, the pronunciation will be abnormal. The bass piano must use a vibrating membrane with a high degree of dryness, hardness and brittleness.

3. The tensile stress of the vibrating membrane.

is the energy condition that determines the high and low pitch

4. The elastic modulus of the vibrating membrane.

The higher the modulus of resilience, the better. It is the modulus of range adaptation. The same piano can meet the accompaniment needs of bass or treble.

5. The water absorption of the vibrating membrane.

The less absorbent the better. Its sound quality and tone can be basically not affected by the temperature or the mildew and rain season. It can also extend the service life.

6. The inner and outer layers of the vibrating membrane should have a smooth finish.

It is the physical condition of sound enhancement. With resonance resonance, to achieve a loud pronunciation, adjust the timbre. Crafted sound reinforcement can also achieve the purpose of the finish.

(2) Select and compare the varieties of vibrating membranes. Based on the black snakeskin vibrating membrane, it is better to choose a better vibrating membrane to replace it.

(1) Wushao snake skin vibrating membrane.

It is an animal fiber cement. Different thicknesses are available. Take traditional craft varieties as an example, and compare them in six aspects.

1. The thickness of the vibrating membrane of Wushao snake skin. The thickness varies within the range of the body, which can be selected.

2. The vibrating membrane of Wushao snake skin has good dry, hard and brittle characteristics.

3. The stress intensity of the vibrating membrane of Wushao snake skin is difficult to meet the needs of the treble piano, and can only be compensated by the Mengqin process and the shrinking of the piano barrel, and the macro brightness of the pronunciation will be affected. Snake skin breaks easily.

4. The elastic modulus of the vibrating membrane of Wushao snake skin is small. The vocal range is not wide, so there should be a lot of Jinghu in the accompaniment process.

5. The water absorption of the vibrating membrane of Wushao snake skin is poor. The sound is not stable enough and the service life is short.

6. The smoothness of the inner and outer layers of the vibrating membrane of Wushao snakeskin. The inner fiber surface that has been created can also be used for sound enhancement.

(2) Sea shark skin vibrating membrane.

It is also an animal fiber cement. The thickness of each part of the body is also different. However, the thickness where the scales intersect is relatively uniform. Easy to choose.

1. The thickness of the shark skin vibrating membrane is thinner. Fish vary in size and thickness, but the thickness where the scales intersect is relatively uniform. Good sound quality and accurate pronunciation. (Each small shark skin of about 2 pounds is more suitable.)

2. The dry and brittle characteristics of shark skin vibrating membrane are better than that of black snake skin.

3. The stress intensity of the shark skin vibrating membrane is greater than that of the black snake skin. It is suitable for both treble and bass.

4. The resilience modulus adaptability of shark skin vibrating membrane is better than that of black snake skin. The vocal range is very wide, so in the accompaniment process, the accompaniment of Xipi and Erhuang tunes can be used.

5. The water absorption of shark skin vibrating membrane is smaller than that of black snake skin. The sound of the piano is very stable, not affected by rainy weather, and has a long service life.

6. The inner smoothness of the shark skin vibrating membrane is better than that of the black snakeskin, and the outer smoothness is worse than that of the black snakeskin. There have been creative inventions. New technology for sound enhancement of inner and outer layers. It can not only achieve loud pronunciation, but also adjust the timbre. And also increase the pitch. It can also be processed to any desired interval at any time. This is incomparable.

7. It was recently confirmed that Jinghu, whose shark skin vibrating membrane is covered, can still be used for sound enhancement after one year of use. The sound quality is more satisfactory.

(3) New bionic polycarbonate vibrating membrane. It is a chemical product and lacks dominance in terms of quality. Different thicknesses of vibrating membranes are required for Jinghu with different tunes. How to meet the needs of all kinds of Jinghu, and whether the variety of products can meet the needs, I still don't know very much.

(3) How is Jinghu pronounced?

When the ponytail rubs against the strings, it vibrates. Through rosin, the shock aid, the friction force is controlled to make the vibration intensity meet the needs. The vibration is transmitted to the vibrating membrane by the bridge, and a shock wave is formed, when the shock wave ripples into the piano barrel. Playing the role of resonance and resonance, the sound of the piano is produced. Each different note name has its own frequency data. The frequency data can be changed by wavelength.

Wavelength: Refers to the length of the string between the bridge and the kilogram, called the wavelength. Its reasonable range is related to the inner diameter of the piano barrel. Generally, it is about 5.7 times the inner diameter of the piano barrel. Under a certain vibration intensity, the finger continuously changes its wavelength on the strings, which produces the beautiful sound of Jinghu music.

Auxiliary wavelength: refers to the length of the string between the jin and the outer string axis is called the auxiliary wavelength. It also has a reasonable length, generally no shorter than one-fifth of the wavelength. Otherwise, the pronunciation will be distorted.

The harp is also called the burden. The general length is about 51 to 54 cm. The diameter of the load is 20-22 mm. There are five knots above the qin barrel. In order to have a better resonance sound, it is required that the length between the fifth section and the barrel should not be less than the outer diameter of the barrel.

There are new discoveries in piano making. There is a knot on the piano barrel, and the vibrating membrane is covered on the knot. It can greatly strengthen the rigidity of the piano barrel, and the thickness of the piano barrel can be appropriately reduced to make the resonance effect better.

Brass is better for the hook. When you choose a wire string, it is necessary to put a thin rubber tube at the hook, but it is not necessary if you use a wire string.

(4) Structural dimensions of Jinghu. Due to the fact that today's aria has a higher interval than the old-fashioned singing method, there are more color arias in the aria design. The size of the Jinghu structure is also gradually and perfectly adapted to the needs.

1. Select the material of the piano barrel, the piano rod, and so on. Only the hardness, stiffness and brittleness meet the requirements. The cost of noble materials is not the same as the effect.

2. The size of the basic structure. On the basis of the original point to improve the view.

A. The piano. Because the sound quality is closely related to the type of diaphragm. The inner diameter of the barrel of the shark-skin vibrating membrane can be appropriately increased, the thickness of the barrel can be appropriately reduced, and the length of the barrel can also be preferred in practice.

B, the piano rod. Due to the appropriate increase in the inner diameter of the piano barrel, the wavelength needs to be increased, so the length of the piano rod must also be appropriately increased.

C, piano shaft. Its hardness should not be greater than the hardness of the piano bar. Count the yellow poplar trees as well.

3. Specialized dimensions of resonance structural conditions. Determined by experiment.

4. The choice of strings. The material should match the inner and outer wire diameters. (The debugging of the new Mengqin must be carried out with two matching new strings)

5. The choice of piano code. The size and height of the bottom area should be coordinated.

(5) The Mengqin stunt craft of shark skin has seen extraordinary results for the first time, but it is still being explored.

(6) When commenting on the quality of Jinghu, some people praised the term penetrating power. How to understand.

What is penetration? It is a common word when complimenting the quality of Jinghu. Although it is not often heard, it is indeed used by some people. How should I understand the meaning of this word, I also asked people who have used the word penetrating power to me, can you explain the meaning of penetrating power. There are the following statements. See that statement is more complete.

One of the sayings: The penetration power is to make the volume deafening, and the feeling of a buzzer.

The second statement: Penetration refers to the tactile words in terms of sound quality and volume. It sounds harsh and seems like a noise, which is a visual feature that people have long been accustomed to and no longer feel disgusted. This is also the specialty of the snake skin Jinghu.

The third argument: penetration cannot be noise. It is not only a good effect of resonance resonance, but also has a pure sound quality. This is the true meaning of penetration. In the accompaniment, each sound name must be clearly stated. It is the special requirement of penetrating power: First, Jinghu's pronunciation membrane must have high sensitivity, and second, it is closely related to the skill of the accompanist. is the synthesis of the two.

The fourth statement: I can't explain the meaning of penetrating power, and it is difficult to explain clearly. All in all, get used to your habitual satisfaction.

I think the third argument is more reasonable. The second argument is that the prejudice is that the snake skin Jinghu, who has the ability to visualize noise, legitimizes his shortcomings. For the fourth statement, he needs to be advised to adapt to the prospect of innovation and improve his accompaniment skills.

Recently, a friend told me on the phone: "Jinghu producer Yang Zuoshen, when he participated in the National Young Actors Grand Prix on CCTV for his disciple Chen Changqing, he used one of the pianos he made to accompany him. The extremely penetrating metallic sound has attracted the attention and praise of the pianists of other troupes in the rehearsal hall. To use the snake skin to cover the penetrating power, it must be achieved by enhancing the embrittlement process.” Since the penetrating power is a belt It has the meaning of metallic sound, so the pronunciation of shark skin really has this natural color.