The development and history of the bell

258 views · Organized by 向日葵 on 2022-02-08
"New Book of Tang Pyu Biography" contains: "The four bells and cymbals are made like the Kucha, with three inches around them, and they are pierced with Wei, and they are knocked to meet the festival." Hit on a strong beat. In the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573), it was introduced into Lijiang, Yunnan. The Qing Dynasty "Dynasty Ritual Schema" called the bell as a bell cymbal.
In the 25th year of Qianlong's reign (1760), it was used for Kaige music in the Qing Dynasty. Made of brass or brass, it has a small bell-shaped appearance, which can be regarded as a deformation of the cymbal. Cast with hard mold, there are two kinds of hemispherical and conical. Usually the height of the bell is 4.5 cm to 6 cm, the diameter of the bell mouth is 5.5 cm to 7 cm, it is hollow and tongueless, and the top of the bell is raised hemispherical as a fixed point, called a bowl or hat, and the diameter of the bowl is 3 cm. Tibetan Dingxia has a larger size, with a bell height of 6 cm to 8 cm and a diameter of 7 cm to 8 cm at the mouth of the bell. There are small holes drilled on the top of the bowl, and two bells are a pair, and the two bells are connected with silk ropes or leather ropes. The bell made of brass has a longer duration of pronunciation; the bell made of brass has a slightly shorter duration of pronunciation.
The development and history of the bell

Cymbals appeared in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. "Sui Shu Music Records": "Tianzhu people originated from Zhang Chonghua's possession of Liangzhou (346-354), and Chongsi translated it to pay tribute to male performers, and Tianzhu was the music. The musical instruments have... copper cymbals." Six At the beginning of the century, cymbals were very popular among the people. In the Book of Northern Qi, Shenwu Ji, there is a record of "Luoxia attacked each other with two draws" when Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty (516-528). There are five cymbals used in the nine music of the Sui Dynasty, and seven cymbals used in the ten music of the Tang Dynasty. "Old Tang Book Music Records": "Tongba, also known as copper plate, comes out of Xixu and Nanman. Its circle is several inches, and it is hidden like a floating rut, and it is permeated by Weipi, and it strikes each other for harmony." 

In 1965, a pair of Yuan Dynasty copper cymbals were unearthed in the suburbs of Shenyang, Liaoning, with a diameter of 19.5 cm. Along with this cymbal, there is a golden drum with inscriptions inscribed in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1344). The cymbal is made of sound copper and is in the shape of a disc. The central hemispherical part is called the bowl or cap, and the part from the root of the bowl to the edge of the cymbal is called the hall. The top of the bowl is drilled, and leather ropes, silk or cloth strips are threaded so that it can be held with both hands. When playing, hold one side of each hand and strike each other. There are light strikes, heavy strikes, grinding strikes, and punching techniques. It is used in folk instrumental ensembles, local operas, singing and dancing accompaniment and gongs and drums. There is also a single click sound. Use a small cymbal to strike the edge of a single cymbal to obtain its special sound effect, which is used for the accompaniment of national bands and rap. 

For example, "Fuzhou Pinghua" is popular in Fujian Fuzhou, Minhou, Yongtai, Lianjiang, Minqing and other places. Ready to use a single cymbal accompaniment. The singer holds a cymbal in his right hand and a porcelain ring on his thumb, which can hit the edge of the cymbal to make a sound, and hold a small stick in his left to tap it to rap. The popular Sichuan song "Lotus Leaf" is also accompanied by a single cymbal.

Reference materials and contributors
碰铃(百度百科)

Involving musical instruments

The bell (pinyin: Pèng líng) was called bell cymbal in ancient times. It is a musical instrument of Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Naxi, Han and other ethnic groups. Tibetan called Dingxia. Due to the difference in the spread of the region, in the folk there are names such as jingling, double chime, sound and water, etc. In Shaanxi, it is called dangzi, and there are also called bells for short. It is shaped like a bell, made of copper, one pair of two, connected by ropes, collided with each other and pronounced without a fixed pitch. Often used in instrumental ensembles and opera accompaniment, it is a rhythm instrument.

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