Erhu has a beautiful and sweet timbre and has the same frequency range as the human voice, so it is widely liked by Chinese people. Playing qin music is as if you are talking about yourself. It is very contagious. At that time, as long as you pull up the erhu, your joy and worries will be vented through the erhu. Erhu can also be said to be the most sincere "friend". Friends need care, so the daily maintenance of the erhu is very important. Of course, what I said is important is not how to do it deliberately. It only needs to develop some habits, pay attention to it at ordinary times, and naturally do a good job in the daily maintenance of the erhu. Already working. I will introduce the daily maintenance of erhu from the five aspects of erhu composition.

First, the erhu wood:

1. High-grade erhu is made of hard wood. Hard wood refers to the wood we usually call mahogany, and also refers to colored wood. These woods have hardness and a little toughness. We call them elasticity. Erhu uses hard wood. The hardness (resonance) of the sound and the toughness of the wood (expressed in the elasticity of the erhu rod) enrich the timbre of the erhu. In an air-conditioned environment and an environment with low air humidity, the wood and the skin of the piano have the phenomenon of getting wet, and it is easy to burn the wood surface when it is dry and wet. The new erhu will also adapt to changes in the surrounding environment.

2. Silk burning is unique to hard wood. 502 glue can be used to repair the burning wire, apply it on the surface of the burning wire, sand it with fine sand, fill the gap with the ground wood powder, and then apply 502 glue, after several repetitions, the burning wire can no longer be seen, hard The wood has good plasticity. The finer the sandpaper, the better, the finer the sanding, the brighter it will be. Before waxing, the range of sanding can be wider, so that it will be integrated with the surrounding area, and then use a dry cloth to coat it. Wipe the waxy surface quickly until the light comes out, so that the burnt wire can be repaired. This method is suitable for repairing the headstock, damage to the appearance, etc. Burning silk and tiny cracks in the barrel will not affect the sound of the erhu, and it can be repaired by using the method of repairing the burning silk. It is normal that the skin of the piano will be tight after it is wet, so in general, after using the erhu, put it into a cloth cover or a piano box to prevent the influence of the humid climate. If the phenomenon of sagging skin is found, the erhu can be placed in a ventilated place to restore the original tightness of the film, and must not be exposed to sunlight. However, you should also pay attention to ventilation, do not ventilate on cloudy days, because the water content in the air on cloudy days is larger, which makes it easier to get damp. When ventilating, it should not be too close to the ground. It is best to place the erhu on a raised wooden board, and the distance from the ground should be at least half a meter. After the peg is wound, if there is a phenomenon of running shaft (there is erhu paint or wax left after grinding), you can apply a little chalk ash or very fine rosin powder to the part where the peg is connected to the shaft hole. stopped. It is common that there is a gap at the end of the piano barrel. This phenomenon is mostly caused by the shrinkage of the piano barrel to adapt to the surrounding climate, and the gap is pushed out by the flower plate. When repairing, just remove the flower plate carefully before repairing, and then repair it again. Press on the flower board, it is exactly the same as new after repair.

3. Erhu wood is not metal after all, there is always a certain amount of shrinkage during use. It is common that the base and the stem are slightly loose. If such a situation is found, you can place a circle of 502 on the part where the stem is slightly inserted into the base. (There is no need to use too much), wait for it to dry, and then put the rest of the piano on. If it is a little tight, you can use some force.

Second, the erhu skin

1. If the erhu skin is properly maintained, it will have a long life. The premise is that it must be used frequently. Most of the erhus we have seen are improperly stored and damaged due to infrequent use. Regular use will keep the skin elastic, which is also its vitality. Exercising as often as we do, the body will be fine. The timbre of the instrument is constantly used and pulled out. It will not be good if it is not pulled. The case itself is also a kind of maintenance and maintenance for the musical instrument. Correct use is also correct maintenance. There are many theoretical books or knowledge on the Internet that propose some maintenance and treatment methods for the piano skin, but there is a gap between theory and practice, and sometimes the gap is not small.

2. I will talk about some knowledge of erhu skin maintenance from the aspect of erhu production. Taking Zhou Wanchun’s Erhu making method as an example, the first process of the piano skin is to shovel the skin. The purpose is to remove all the meat and sundries sticking to the skin. The skin should be shoveled evenly and just right. It is a crucial and tiring process. . The second step is to cover the skin. The purpose is to stretch the python skin, remove its oiliness and make the shape stable. At this time, a key process is ironing the skin. Wax is used when the skin is ironed, so it will remain on the piano skin after ironing. Next layer of wax. The purpose of ironing: a. It is to stabilize the skin and prevent the shaped skin from shrinking again, laying the foundation for the skin to be stretched again. b. It is beautiful and the skin of the piano is shiny. The skin of the piano is well handled. After this process, the luster and color of the python skin itself will be reflected. If the luster is dead, it means that the skin of the piano has not been handled well. c. Protect the piano skin from humidity. Wax is impermeable to water, so it acts as a protection. After the cover is completed, the use of the piano skin can be determined. The third step is the leather. After the first two steps are completed, the road is paved for the leather, so that the hexagons are uniform and the tightness is appropriate. The difficulty is the matching of the leather and the barrel. The barrel is handled according to the condition of the leather. Choose the skin according to the wood. Judging from these processes, you can know that there are two points: a. Degreasing, the oily piano skin will seriously affect the pronunciation, and it feels like a drop of oil on the paper when looking at the light. This phenomenon does not mean that The skin of the piano is thin, but it means that the skin of the piano has not been removed due to its oiliness, so it has not been opened. b. After the skin is covered, the degree of shrinkage of the skin has been controlled, laying the foundation for the skin. The process of skinning is the process of tuning the skin. My grandfather, Zhou Rongting, started the process of forming the casing and the secondary forming of the python skin. The processing of these processes plays a key role in the sound and future use of the erhu. Combined with the wooden shell with stable drying processes in place, this is the most ideal erhu production process, and it is also a traditional erhu production process that has been practiced for many years. 

3. I personally think that in daily use, it is not necessary to apply oil or Vaseline to the skin of the piano, and it is also not necessary to seal the back of the piano skin. , rolled up when heated during the scalding process. And don't stick with glue. The skin of the piano must maintain its breathability and naturalness, and it will naturally adapt to the environment of use. The materials used in the erhu have aura in nature, so the erhu does have its aura. If it is sealed inside and outside the piano skin, it will affect the vibration of the piano skin. Do not re-treat the back of the piano skin after it has been fixed, because scraping or grinding the back of the piano skin from the back of the barrel will cause uneven thickness of the piano skin, which will seriously break the piano skin, so I recommend that you do not try. To change the timbre, you should start with strings, bridges, gold and tone pads. Knowing their functions and principles, you can debug them repeatedly to adjust your desired timbre.

4. When the erhu is not used for a long time, put some moth-proof tablets, and put some desiccant in the area with high humidity. The ideal is to take out the erhu in a suitable humidity and temperature environment to let it breathe. Anti-moth is mainly three parts: bow hair, piano skin and bow bamboo. From my daily experience, the bow hair that has been covered with rosin is not easy to be moth. Although the bow bamboo of the bow has been treated, it should be prevented. The moths can be placed in the piano box.

5. The skin of the new qin is relatively tight. You can use the piano code pressing method to speed up the loosening of the skin. Specifically, after the erhu is tuned to the standard tone, do not loosen the strings after pulling, or let the skin be stressed. After the erhu starts, The bridge can be moved to the upper edge of the piano barrel, or a wooden stick (pencil) with the same length as the height of the bridge and the diagonal of the piano barrel can be inserted at the position above the bridge to reduce the pressure of the bridge on the piano skin. This method is simple. Easy to use and works well. The erhu's stem bends in the direction of the skin when it is stressed, and the timbre of the erhu is enriched by the elasticity between the stem and the skin when pressing the strings. However, hardwood is wood after all. Although it has toughness, it is necessary to let the piano rod rest. Therefore, I suggest loosening the strings in about 10 days to restore the erhu parts to their original state. Erhu tuning is also relatively simple. You need to practice your ears. Erhu tuning is basically based on the outer strings. It is better to tune the inner strings with your own ears. The outer strings can use sound pipes, electronic tuners, etc. For the best, it is easier to listen to the ear. If there is no tuner, the dial tone of the telephone can be used, and it can also be used as the standard A tone.

6. After playing the piano every day, it is recommended to use a soft cloth to wipe the rosin powder where the erhu rosin touches, such as the corners, etc., and clean the rosin powder. Erhu is different from Jinghu. It is not advisable to directly burn the rosin on the piano barrel instead of rosin. The suggestion of the piano skin is to rub it from top to bottom. If it is not removed for a long time, the rosin will stick to the wood and the piano skin, which is not conducive to the sound of the piano and the vibration of the piano skin. If rosin is already sticking, consider scraping it off with a fingernail or a stretchy plastic sheet, as well as on the piano skin. Some of our high-end pianos are all polished and polished, so they can be polished with tuna sandpaper or very fine sandpaper, and the effect will be the same as new. Use this method.

7. There are many Hu friends who will wax their Aigin to protect the wood and skin. This method is feasible, but it is recommended not to use too much. After waxing, it must be wiped clean. The wax layer is too thick and will stick to the hand and affect the position of the handle. of mobile. Waxing the erhu does not need to be too diligent, it is recommended to do it once every six months. The waxed soft cloth can be kept as a cleaning cloth.

8. The skin of the erhu is an animal skin, composed of proteins and fibers, and is easily affected by the humidity of the surrounding environment. Usually, the timbre of the erhu is sometimes good, and sometimes the timbre is not good. The skin of the erhu is relatively loose. The dry weather tone will be a little more phenomenon. The relatively tight skin will become round and sweet in cloudy and humid weather. This is because the piano skin is affected by temperature and humidity. It is recommended not to store the erhu in an air-conditioned room, because the air humidity in the air-conditioned room is too low and too dry. In the south, there is a rainy season every year. Pay attention to moisture protection. phenomenon occurs). When the humidity is high, you can put some desiccant in the piano box, and when the humidity is low, you can take it out for ventilation.

Third, the bow

The bow is a consumable item on the erhu, especially the bow hair is rubbed with the steel wire. You can pay attention to it when you use it. From practice, every Hu friend has the bow hair for the piano code, and the gold is broken. In use, you should pay attention to the way of taking the bow on the piano and hanging the bow. There are usually two ways. One is to hang it straight, and the end of the bow is hung at the string of the nut. The other is that the bow tail is facing down. In the section of the piano skin, it is recommended to use the second way of hanging the bow. The bow should be kept clean. If there is too much rosin powder, it is recommended to wipe the bow with a soft cloth.

Fourth, the bow hair

The bow hair will be broken during the friction process, and the broken hair should be removed in time. Another phenomenon is that the bow hair becomes longer after friction, becomes loose and separates from other bow hairs, and sags there. This phenomenon can be used with a lighter on the bow hair. Bake the lower end back and forth a few times, the bow hair will shrink after being heated, so don't bake too much, or burn the bow hair. In this case, the bow hair can also be removed directly. The method of adding rosin is also very important. It is recommended to apply it evenly from top to bottom. Uneven rosin will cause uneven friction and affect pronunciation. Rosin is not easy to be too much, often add a little rosin, must not add a lot at once. Based on your own feel. There will be a process of rosin on the new bow hair. It is necessary to pull the rosin powder while slowly infiltrating the barbs of the bow hair.

Fifth, the strings

The strings are the source of the erhu's pronunciation. The quality of the strings has a great influence on the sound of the erhu. Usually, the strings used on our professional pianos are mainly made of German piano steel wire. The steel wire will rust and rust when wet. In the future, it will affect the tone, especially the outer strings. If you find rust, you can use tuna sandpaper or very fine sandpaper to polish the strings. To remove the rust spots, it will not affect the tone. Sand to remove. When changing the strings, the inner and outer strings should be replaced at the same time to achieve a unified sound quality. The effects of the new strings and the old strings are also different. Usually, you should pay attention to keep the strings clean, and remove the rosin powder in time. If it sticks to the strings, it will also cause the erhu sound to be bad, or have a hairy sound. The friction between the bow hair and the strings should be uniform and stable, so that the Erhu's pronunciation is better. It is recommended to clean the strings with a soft cloth after playing.