Guqin is composed of the "person" position of the "three talents" according to the sound, Yin, Yi, Chuo, Zhu, the most easy to get the magic of Guqin, but its phoneme is different from the overtone according to the emblem position, except that it corresponds to several emblem positions. In addition, most of the sounds are located at the points between the two emblems, and beginners may only be able to track the sound of the score, and it is difficult to know the other if they know one.

In addition, there are many discrepancies in the individual phoneme notation of each score, such as the eighth and the seventh emblem nine points, the eleventh and the tenth eighth, the seven emblems six points and the seven emblems seven points, etc. There are many disputes, or clerical errors. , or false rumors, often making it difficult for beginners to distinguish. If you can understand the generation method of the sound of each string, I think the sound of each string can be presented one by one, and this article will try to solve this problem.

1. Upper quasi, middle quasi, lower quasi - the seven emblems and four emblems are the watershed of the guqin phoneme

When talking about overtones in the previous article, I mentioned the four criteria of overtones, namely the upper left criteria (thirteen emblems to ten emblems), the lower left criteria (ten emblems to seven emblems), the lower right criteria (seven emblems to four emblems), the upper right criteria ( Four emblems to one emblem) and other four standards, then the strings can also be divided into three standards according to the principle of doubling and half: four emblems to one emblem is the upper standard, four emblems to seven emblems are the middle standard, and seven emblems to Dragon's gum is the next standard. The seven emblems are one-half of the strings, so the sound is the high octave of the scattered sound. The Sihui is one-half of the Qihui to Yueshan, so the sound of the Sihui is the higher octave of the Qihui, the Sanxian scattered sound is the bass 1, the Qihui is the alto "1", and the Sihui is The sound is a high-pitched "1". The first emblem is also one-half of the four emblems to Yueshan, so the sound of the first emblem is the higher octave of the four emblems, that is, the treble "1". From this, it can be seen that according to the upper, middle, and lower chords, the strings are divided into three sound zones, and they are arranged from low to high from Longgu to Yueshan. . From this, the entire range of the Guqin can also be calculated: four octaves, zero major and two degrees. The lowest note of the guqin is the scattered sound of one string, and the highest note is the sound of the seven strings and one emblem. For example, taking the positive tone as an example, the scattered sound of one string is represented by Western music, which is the big character group C, and the pressing sound of seven strings and one emblem is: : d of three groups of small characters, the positive tuning range is: C～d3

Conclusion: Seven emblems, four emblems, one emblem and scattered sound are each one octave higher

2. Ten emblems and nine emblems - the position of mother and child The nine emblems are one-third of the string, that is, one third of the string is lost, so the phoneme generated by the scattered sound of this string - "the son's sound".

For example, the Sanxian scattered sound is "1", and its nine emblems are "5". The ten emblem is the quarter of the string, and its sound is exactly at the quarter loss of the string, that is, the inversion of the third gain and one, which is the "mother" of the scattered sound of the string, such as the sixth string. The scattered sound is "5", and its ten emblem is "1". In the positive tone, only the pressing sound at the three strings and ten emblems is not used, because there is no clear angle in the traditional positive tone, that is, "the sound begins in the palace, and the palace has no mother sound". Conclusion: Jiuhui is five degrees higher than Sanyin, and Tenhui is four degrees higher than Sanyin.

3. The proportion of the strings occupied by the thirteen emblems

Seven emblems, four emblems, nine emblems, ten emblems, etc. according to the sound, can be found in the number of sounds by using the method of "double and half mutual growth" and "three points of profit and loss", but most of the sound according to the emblem is not consistent with the position of the emblem. This paper divides the strings into several parts, and then calculates the position of each emblem. After a series of calculations, the sound of each place is gradually obtained.

The ancient method divides the guqin into 360 points. This number is only an assumption, and other numbers can also be used. Because 360 points are exactly divided by the thirteen emblems, this number is also used here as an example. Seven emblems are half of the whole string, five emblems and nine emblems are three-thirds of the whole string, four emblems, seven emblems, and ten emblems are quarters of the whole string, three emblems, six emblems, eight emblems, and eleven emblems It is the fifth of the whole string, the second emblem, the fifth emblem, the seventh emblem, the nine emblem, the twelve emblem are the sixth of the whole string, the first emblem is the fourth emblem to the Yueshan half, the thirteen emblem is the ten emblem to the dragon According to the proportion of the above-mentioned emblems to the strings, 360 points can be allocated to each emblem position of the strings. The brief table is as follows:

Fourth, the next five correct sounds - Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu

The middle, upper, and lower accuracy of the guqin are related to two and a half times. If you can find each note of the lower accuracy, you can also find out the middle and upper accuracy by using the principle of doubling each other. Press the tone. Next, we will start from the seven emblems, and find out the five positive sounds in the lower quasi-region one by one, namely Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu (notation 1, 2, 3, 5, 6). 1) Taking Sanxian as an example, the Sanxian scattered sound is the palace ("1" in the musical notation), and the palace is the beginning, and the three points lose one sign ("5" in the simplified musical notation), and the whole string is assumed to be 360 points, that is, the palace is 360. Points, 360 points, three points and one loss are 240 points. According to the above table, 240 points are good and the score of Jiuhui is consistent. Therefore, Jiuhui is based on the sound, which is the same as the above sub-position.

Conclusion: Jiuhui is a sign ("5" in the musical notation), which is a fifth higher than the scattered sound.

There are often differences between the eleven emblems and the ten emblems in the ancient spectrum, for two reasons: one is a false legend, and the other is that the sound is born of pure law. The eleven emblems are one-fifth of the whole string. According to the principle of the rhythm of the major third of pure temperament, the ratio of the two tones of the major third is 5:4, such as Gong: Angle = 5:4. The scattered sound is the palace, then the eleven emblems should be the corners. Now most of the piano scores are recorded as ten emblems and eight points, and the basis is the "five degrees of mutual generation".

So far, the five positive sounds (Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu) have all been calculated, "the beginning of the sound is related to the palace, and the palace has no mother sound", "the sound is worse than the horn, and the horn has no son sound", so the two changes ( Biangong, Bianzheng) Erqing (Qingjiao, Qingyu) qin songs are mostly not used. Erbian, Erqing and other four tones are specially designed for the convenience of tuning. This article only discusses the five positives such as Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. Sound, Erbian and Erqing will not be mentioned here, and the principle of rhythm is the same as above.