The dulcimer is composed of a resonance box, a mountain pass, a peg, a peg, a horse, a string, and a bamboo.

The side panels and headstock are made of tinted wood, elm wood, or other hard woods, and the tops on the frame are made of sycamore wood or fish scale pine with straight and uniform grains. It is the soundboard of the sound and plays an important role in the volume and tone of the dulcimer.
The bottom plate under the piano frame is mostly made of three-layer plywood. Inside the resonance box, there is a sound beam glued to each yard of the corresponding panel, which is connected with the surface, the bottom plate and the front and rear side plates, so that the piano box is divided into several spaces.

There are four or five circular holes on the sound beam plate, called wind eyes, so that the resonated sound waves are convected in the resonance box and then passed out from the sound holes. The sound hole was originally opened on the panel and was 2 or 4 round holes. There are hollow ivory or bone carvings embedded on it, which are used to decorate and beautify the surface of the piano and protect the sound holes. Most of them are opened under the two mountain passes, with 4 to 5 on each side, which are round or rectangular. The holes are embedded with copper rings, and some are opened on the bottom plate, and the number is large.

Yamaguchi is a long wooden strip on both sides of the panel, made of mahogany, which plays the role of stringing.

The horses are in the shape of strip peaks and valleys, made of bamboo, mahogany or beef bones. There are 2 to 5 pieces, which are placed on the panel. The left side is a high-pitched horse, and the right side is a low-pitched horse. strings, the concave valley is for the passage of other strings.

The strings are made of steel strings (the earliest copper strings were used). The treble part is a bare string, using 27-31 wire, and the bass part is wound with a thin wire wound on the bare string.

Qinzhu, also known as guqin, guqin and guqin, is two elastic bamboo hulls, which are used to strike the strings to make sounds.