In the teaching process, the author found that some flute friends do not pay attention to efficiency when practicing the flute, and they are even a little blind when practicing the flute, and they do not have a general learning idea. When the study period is over, I am eager to find a shortcut to the teacher. In fact, there is no shortcut to playing the flute, but there are still ways to improve learning efficiency. With the theme of "sound as the sky, qi as the foundation", the foothold is also here.

In the process of playing, the bamboo flute is like a factory, the breath is like a manager, and the fingers, tongue, lips, abdomen, etc., under the "management" of breath, finally "create" the concept of sound. Sound, including: pitch, timbre, rhythm; Qi is breath.

Sound is the external expression of qi, and qi is the root of sound. The two complement each other and are indispensable. Therefore, when playing the flute, you must not blindly play the flute. You must be able to understand the factors that affect pitch, timbre, rhythm, and vigor control, and master how to overcome the unfavorable factors, so that the flute sound will be melodious and pleasant, and then reach a professional level.

1. Sound - sound is heaven

Tone, that is, intonation, timbre, rhythm, etc. The so-called sound is heaven, which is intended to emphasize the importance of "sound". We know that the judges usually start from the sound, which is the most basic standard to measure the flute player's level.

The sound, the blue sky supporting the bamboo flute, if the sound fails to meet certain requirements, it will be like the sky is falling apart. In actual operation, there are many factors that affect the sound. You must use your brains and practice diligently to maximize the good factors.

one pitch

The intonation of the bamboo flute, an air-sounding instrument, has always been valued very much. One of its characteristics is that it is difficult to grasp the intonation. By understanding the factors that affect the intonation, the flutist can turn the disadvantage into an advantage, and can control the intonation in the actual playing with ease.

⒈The factors that affect the pitch of the bamboo flute are:

⑴The angle of the airflow (the angle between the straight line direction of the airflow and the straight line perpendicular to the blow hole). When playing with the same strength, the angle gradually increases, and the sound gradually increases; the angle gradually decreases, and the sound gradually decreases;

⑵ the strength of the airflow. When playing at the same angle, the intensity used gradually increases, the sound gradually increases, the intensity used gradually decreases, and the sound gradually decreases;

⑶ temperature. Under the premise of constant airflow angle and strength, the temperature (room temperature) gradually increases, and the sound increases accordingly; the temperature decreases gradually, and the sound decreases accordingly;

⑷ flute making experience. The details of a set of flute-making data of each flute master will be slightly different. In addition, each master's own sense of pitch is different. With the same material, different masters make flutes that are always slightly different in pitch. This is what we often say about a flute with a high or low pitch;

⑸ The reasons for the flutist themselves. Because the posture of a flutist is more or less different, that is, this slight difference directly leads to the different positions of the pronunciation points on the flute holes, and the sense of pitch is different, and the sound is out of tune. phenomenon is also a common phenomenon.

⒉ Practical application

(1) The method to solve the high or low sound of bamboo flute:

①The method of blocking and cutting. If the sound is too high, you can use wax to plug a part of the sound hole in the direction of the mouthpiece; if the sound is too low, you can use a flute knife on one side of the hole to cut off some in the direction of the mouthpiece;

②Adjusted by airflow angle. If the sound is too high, the airflow angle should be lowered a little under the premise of the same airflow; if the sound is too low, the airflow angle should be raised slightly;

③Theoretically speaking, the pitch can also be adjusted by changing the airflow intensity. If the tone is too high, the airflow intensity can be a little slower; if the tone is low, the airflow intensity can be a little faster. Due to the poor sensitivity of some flutes, or the high pitch that they want to express, when the breath strength is reduced, it is easy to cause the sound to be sluggish or the sound cannot be produced. That is self-defeating. It is better to adjust the angle.

(2) Pitch adjustment in solo pieces.

It is often adjusted by changing the angle of airflow. For example, in the introduction of "Partridge Flying" (Zhao version), the vibrato of 2 is changed from weak to strong and then weak. Let's analyze, if we want to make 2 change from weak to strong and then weak, make the air flow gradually increase and then gradually decrease, the effect can be achieved. At the same time, the pitch of 2 is gradually raised and then gradually lowered. .

How to make 2 tones meet the requirements of the level, and the intonation is always the same? Obviously, by changing the angle of the airflow.

2 When changing from weak to strong, while the airflow intensity gradually increases, the airflow angle gradually decreases, and the pitch does not rise; when from strong to weak, the airflow intensity gradually decreases while the airflow angle gradually rises, and the pitch increases. will not decrease. In this way, the artistic image of the partridge can be vividly depicted, from far to near and then to the sky.

⒊ Pitch training

It is difficult for a person who purely plays the flute to have a good sense of intonation. This requires a tune instrument to help you solfeggio.

In actual practice, you can choose the piano for ear training, and let the tuner tune it well in advance. In the long run, you can form a good sense of intonation. Students who are just learning music tend to place too much emphasis on sight-singing practice and not on ear training, which is wrong.

In addition to the beautiful and pleasant sound of the flute, a flute player's ears should be as sensitive as a pitch meter, and he should be able to identify whether his pitch is accurate at any time.

two tone

For amateur teams, the requirements on intonation can be a little looser, but the requirements on timbre must not be lowered. A beautiful tone can convey feelings and melodious sounds, which is a basic requirement for flute players.

Factors that affect the sound quality:

⒈ resonance

The resonance of the bamboo flute refers to the phenomenon that the breath rubs against the edge of the mouthpiece and impacts the membrane of the flute, causing certain organs in the human body to resonate. The sound produced during resonance and the flute form a polyphony, which makes the shriveled flute beautify.

If the sound played by a flute player does not resonate, it will appear monotonous and without connotation. The flute sound with resonance is full and full of emotion.

There are many organs that can resonate. Only by starting with the resonant organs that can be adjusted can the flute players experience the feeling of resonance to the greatest extent. The resonant organs that can be adjusted are: throat, mouth, etc.

Requirements for throat resonance: It requires the feeling of yawning. At this time, the space for the throat to open is the largest, so it can produce the best resonance effect;

Requirements for oral resonance: It is correct to feel that there is a mouthful of water in the mouth, or to make an "Ao" sound.

⒉ Mouth

Poor controllability of the breath will cause problems such as air leakage, loud noise, and timbre noise. In order to have a strong ability to control the breath of the mouth, in addition to playing the flute more, it is necessary to appropriately increase the movement of the muscles of the mouth.

Method: Chew xylitol or chewing gum for 1 hour every day, and chew it in front of the front teeth to achieve the purpose of practicing mouth strength. Can be chewed while reading or without interfering with work.

⒊The sense of hierarchy

We know that when monks recite sutras, there is no strong or weak tone, and it is straight.

When playing the flute, if the sound of the flute is not strong or weak, it will be boring. Not only is it not infectious, even the piper himself will be like chewing wax.

Layers include:

⑴ scale. A natural scale goes from bottom to top, and the volume is gradually increased, which should be reflected when playing;

(2) The normal relationship between strength and weakness, such as music in 2/4 time, should be arranged in the structure of "strength/strength/strength...". In the song "I Am a Soldier", the strong and weak beats can be heard clearly; against the relationship between strong and weak, this can be experienced in the double vomit part of the climax of "Spring to Xiangjiang". The first double vomit part, the first part The beat is weak and the second beat is strong, which is the opposite of the strong and weak relationship of the 2/4 beat. The reason why this happens is because the note on the second beat is on the upper side of the scale;

(3) The strength and weakness symbols of the music. After the strong and weak symbols are marked in the music, they must be played in strict accordance with the requirements of the strong and weak symbols, and do not need to be handled according to the normal strong and weak relationship;

⑷ The repetition of the same phrase should change the repetition intensity of the same phrase. For example, there is a repetition of a sentence in the Allegro part of "Gusu Xing", the first time is strong, and the second time is weak. When it is strong, it shows the happy mood when playing, and when it is weak, it shows the temporary intoxication and contentment of tourists.

three syllables

Phonology, that is, the charm of sound. The flavors played by each flute player are different. This has a certain relationship with each person's aesthetics, outlook on life, literary accomplishment and so on. Some bamboo flute experts suggested that flutists read Tang poetry and Song poetry, which is also based on this starting point.

If a flutist wants to have the unique charm of the flute sound, he should have an understanding of poetry, poetry, art, dance and other art categories, and constantly enrich his artistic quality. This truth.

2. Qi - Qi-based

The so-called Qi-based, which means that playing the flute is based on Qi, and it is nonsense to leave the control of breath. Qi is the foundation of sound, and sound can show a person's ability to control Qi, which is often referred to as the basic skill.

To understand the factors that affect the ability to control qi, use scientific practice methods, persevere endurance, and lay a solid foundation for the basic skills. Only by mastering the use of breath can the fingers, tongue, lips, and abdomen be used in a timely and appropriate manner in the process of playing.

A factor that affects the ability to control gas:

⒈ Lung capacity

Lung capacity is small, shortness of breath when playing the flute, and the place for inhalation should be increased accordingly, which is easy to destroy the original artistic conception. This requires us to have a large lung capacity.

Ways to increase lung capacity:

⑴ running. Using the jogging method of three steps, one exhalation and three steps, one inhalation, the lung capacity will increase in the long run;

⑵ freehand exercises. Take a deep breath, inhale until you can no longer inhale, palms facing each other, stretch forward as wide as your shoulders, and swing your arms left and right, similar to chest expansion, which is beneficial to increase lung capacity.

⒉ Breath sinking

We often say that the qi sinks into the dantian, which means to sink the breath, relax the upper body, and achieve the purpose of luck. In this way, the flute sound can have a sense of space, long-distance and deep affection; if the breath rises, the lyricism of the flute sound is not enough, and even a little nervous, which affects the normal performance of the music.

The method of practicing deep breathing: Lie flat on the bed, relax the whole body, gradually expand the abdomen when inhaling, and gradually sink when exhaling, which means it is correct. Then apply the breathing method when lying down to the actual flute-playing process, inhale while standing, the abdomen is bulging, and the abdomen is exerting force when blowing, this is the feeling of the breath sinking.

⒊ Breath pivot

When some flute players breathe, their abdomens do not bulge, but sink. In this way, the breath is forced to the chest, and when playing, the fulcrum can only be moved up to the chest, which makes the upper body tense, and it is difficult for luck to be rounded, and the breath is short, which cannot meet the requirements of playing long sentences.

A flute player's breath fulcrum must be selected well. The breath fulcrum is mainly correct on the diaphragm, waist, and even buttocks. This needs to be experienced on the basis of qi sinking into the dantian.

Two long tones practice - a common method to enhance energy control

Long-tone practice, like sketching in painting, should be practiced as always until the brush in your hand is still lost.

Long tone is a practice that must be done every day, and the practice must pay attention to efficiency. Some skill exercises can be attached to the practice, so as to achieve the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort.

1. The breath changes from weak to strong and then becomes weaker, and experience the feeling of being able to retract and release freely.

2. Practicing long tones with qi tremolo to experience the feeling of qi sinking into the dantian

3. Practice long notes in high and low octaves to enhance the mouth

4. Vibrato practice long notes, exercises to enhance finger flexibility

5. Practice long notes with flowery tongue and enhance the flexibility of the tongue

6. Circulating ventilation to practice long tones to enhance the tacit understanding between the mouth and the nose